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Summation Sign HTML entity ∑
∑ is the HTML entity for Summation Sign ∑ (U+2211). Copy the decimal ∑ and hex ∑ codes plus CSS, JavaScript, Python and URL escapes.
- Entity
∑- Also written
∑- Code point
- U+2211
- Unicode name
- N-ARY SUMMATION
- Block
- Mathematical Operators
- Category
- Math symbol (Sm)
- Since
- Unicode 1.1
- Defined in
- HTML 4.01 and HTML5
Codes to copy
| HTML named | ∑Works in HTML; in XML only & < > " ' are predefined. | |
|---|---|---|
| HTML decimal | ∑Works in HTML and XML. | |
| HTML hex | ∑Works in HTML and XML. | |
| CSS | content: "\2211";In a stylesheet, for ::before and ::after. | |
| JavaScript | "\u2211"Also valid in JSON. | |
| Python | "\u2211"Python 3 string literal. | |
| Python by name | "\N{N-ARY SUMMATION}"Readable alternative using the Unicode name. | |
| URL | %E2%88%91Percent-encoded UTF-8 bytes, for a path or query value. | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 913 bytes. | |
| UTF-16 | 22111 code unit, which is what JavaScript length counts. |
When to use it
The n-ary summation sign, a large sigma designed for maths, distinct from the Greek letter Σ. Limits above and below need MathML or a maths renderer; the character alone sits on the text line.
The name dates from HTML 4, so it works in every browser and in old email clients.
More maths operators
∓Minus-Or-Plus Sign∏N-Ary Product∔Dot Plus∌Does Not Contain As Member∖Set Minus∋Contains As Member∗Asterisk Operator∉Not An Element of
All maths operators · Every HTML entity · Encode or decode text
Source: the WHATWG HTML Standard list of named character references and the Unicode Character Database (Unicode 18.0).