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HTML Entities List & Encoder
Every named HTML entity with its codes, plus an encoder and decoder.
Free tools that run in your browser. Nothing you type, open or create is uploaded to NerdBible or anyone else.
1,511 characters with 2,125 names. Click a code to copy it, or a character for its own page.
Spaces and invisible characters 22
Spaces of fixed width, the soft hyphen, joiners and direction marks. They render as nothing or as blank space, so the entity is often the clearest way to write them.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ␣ | Tab Character | |||
| ␣ | Line Feed | |||
| ␣ |   | Non-Breaking Space | ||
| ␣ | Soft Hyphen | |||
| ␣ | En Space | |||
| ␣ | Em Space | |||
| ␣ | Three-Per-Em Space | |||
| ␣ | Four-Per-Em Space | |||
| ␣ | Figure Space | |||
| ␣ | Punctuation Space | |||
| ␣ |   | Thin Space | ||
| ␣ |   | Hair Space | ||
| ␣ | ​ ​ ​ ​ | Zero Width Space | ||
| ␣ | Zero Width Non-Joiner | |||
| ␣ | Zero Width Joiner | |||
| ␣ | Left-to-Right Mark | |||
| ␣ | Right-to-Left Mark | |||
| ␣ | Medium Mathematical Space | |||
| ␣ | Word Joiner | |||
| ␣ | ⁡ | Function Application | ||
| ␣ | ⁢ | Invisible Times | ||
| ␣ | ⁣ | Invisible Separator |
HTML syntax and ASCII punctuation 30
Characters on every keyboard. Only the ampersand, the less than sign and quotes inside attributes ever need escaping; the other names exist but are rarely used.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ! | Exclamation Mark | |||
| " | " | Quotation Mark | ||
| # | Number Sign | |||
| $ | Dollar Sign | |||
| % | Percent Sign | |||
| & | & | Ampersand | ||
| ' | Apostrophe | |||
| ( | Left Parenthesis | |||
| ) | Right Parenthesis | |||
| * | * | Asterisk | ||
| + | Plus Sign | |||
| , | Comma | |||
| . | Full Stop | |||
| / | Solidus (Slash) | |||
| : | Colon | |||
| ; | Semicolon | |||
| < | < | Less-Than Sign | ||
| = | Equals Sign | |||
| > | > | Greater-Than Sign | ||
| ? | Question Mark | |||
| @ | At Sign | |||
| [ | [ | Left Square Bracket | ||
| \ | Backslash | |||
| ] | ] | Right Square Bracket | ||
| ^ | Circumflex Accent | |||
| _ | _ | Underscore | ||
| ` | ` | Grave Accent (Backtick) | ||
| { | { | Left Curly Bracket | ||
| | | | | | Vertical Line | ||
| } | } | Right Curly Bracket |
Punctuation and typography 50
Typographic quotes, dashes, bullets, the ellipsis and marks such as the section sign and pilcrow.
Currency 5
Currency signs with a named entity. Most other currency signs, such as the rupee or the bitcoin sign, have no name and are written as numbers.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ¢ | Cent Sign | |||
| £ | Pound Sign | |||
| ¤ | Currency Sign | |||
| ¥ | Yen Sign | |||
| € | Euro Sign |
Symbols and signs 54
Copyright and trademark signs, the degree sign, card suits, stars, check marks and other symbols.
Shapes and box drawing 66
Geometric shapes, box drawing lines and block elements, used for diagrams, tables in plain text and simple icons.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Arrows 86
Single, double, curved and harpoon arrows from the Arrows blocks.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Maths operators 263
Operators, relations, set notation, logic and brackets from the Mathematical Operators blocks.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Letterlike symbols, numbers and fractions 56
Superscript digits, vulgar fractions, Roman numeral forms and letterlike signs such as the real part symbol.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Latin letters with accents 194
Accented and special Latin letters used in European languages, plus ligatures.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Greek letters 59
The Greek alphabet in upper and lower case, plus the variant forms used in maths.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Cyrillic letters 92
Russian and other Cyrillic letters. HTML has names for them, though typing the letters directly is the normal way to write Cyrillic.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Advanced maths and arrows 399
Specialist operators, negated relations written as a base character plus a combining mark, and long arrows used in mathematical notation.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
Maths letters: script, fraktur and double-struck 135
Letter styles used as distinct symbols in mathematics, such as the double-struck R for the real numbers. They are not a way to style ordinary text.
| Char | Entity | Decimal | Hex | Unicode name |
|---|
No entity matches that search. Characters without a name can still be written as a number: type the character into the encoder tab.
Source: the WHATWG HTML Standard list of named character references and the Unicode Character Database (Unicode 18.0).
Decoding understands every numeric reference and all 2,125 names in the list, written with their semicolon. When encoding with names, the HTML 4 name is used where there is one, because old email clients know only those; ' is written as ' for the same reason.
How to use it
- Search the list by name, character, number or description, or jump to a section.
- Click a code to copy it, or open a character for every escape format and notes on when to use it.
- To convert text, open the Encode & decode tab, choose a direction and paste.
Questions
Which characters must be escaped in HTML?
The ampersand and the less than sign in text, plus the quote character that wraps an attribute value. Escaping > and both kinds of quote as well is a safe habit.
Do I need entities for accents and emoji?
Not on a page saved as UTF-8, which is nearly every page today. Entities for them are only needed when a system mangles non-ASCII text, such as some email tools and old databases.
Named or numeric entities?
Both work in every browser. Names such as © are easier to read; numbers such as © work for every character, including the ones without a name, and in XML.
Why do some characters have several names?
HTML5 took over the names used in MathML, so many characters have a short HTML 4 name and longer MathML ones, such as → and →. They all produce the same character; each character here has one page, listing every name.
Does escaping make user input safe?
Escaping text before putting it in HTML is the core defence against cross-site scripting, but the right escaping depends on where the text goes: a URL, a script or a style need their own rules.
About this tool
What is an HTML entity?
An HTML entity is a way to write a character with plain ASCII text. A named reference such as © or a numeric one such as © both display the copyright sign. Browsers know 2,125 names, taken from the WHATWG HTML Standard, and many characters have several names because HTML5 adopted the names used in MathML.
What this page covers
- The full list, one row per character, grouped into sections such as spaces, punctuation, currency, arrows, maths and Greek letters.
- A page per character with every name, the decimal and hex references, CSS, JavaScript, Python and URL escapes, its Unicode name, block and category, and notes on when to use it for the most common ones.
- An encoder and decoder on the second tab, which escapes text with names or numbers and decodes every name in the list.
Which ones you actually need
On a page saved as UTF-8 you can type almost any character directly. The ones that matter are & and < in text, the quote that wraps an attribute value, and invisible characters such as the no-break space, which are easier to see in source as entities. In XML only five names are predefined, so use numeric references there. The list is built from the WHATWG entity file and the Unicode Character Database; nothing on the page is sent anywhere.
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